本篇內容主要講解“Linux常用查看系統硬件信息的命令”,感興趣的朋友不妨來(lái)看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡(jiǎn)單快捷,實(shí)用性強。下面就讓小編來(lái)帶大家學(xué)習“Linux常用查看系統硬件信息的命令”吧!
執行環(huán)境:ubuntu 16.04
lscpu命令,查看的是cpu的統計信息.
root@ubuntu:/home/peng/# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 #cpu架構 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian #小尾序 CPU(s): 1 #總共有1核 On-line CPU(s) list: 0 Thread(s) per core: 1 #每個(gè)cpu核,只能支持一個(gè)線(xiàn)程,即不支持超線(xiàn)程 Core(s) per socket: 1 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu產(chǎn)商 intel CPU family: 6 Model: 158 Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7500 CPU @ 3.40GHz Stepping: 9 CPU MHz: 3408.070 BogoMIPS: 6816.14 Hypervisor vendor: VMware Virtualization type: full #支持cpu虛擬化技術(shù) L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 6144K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0
查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每個(gè)cpu信息,如每個(gè)CPU的型號,主頻等。
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 158 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7500 CPU @ 3.40GHz stepping : 9 microcode : 0x48 cpu MHz : 3408.070 cache size : 6144 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 1 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 22 wp : yes .....
概要查看內存情況
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1970 702 315 13 952 1025 Swap: 974 20 954
這里的單位是MB,總共的內存是1970MB。
查看內存詳細使用
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 2017516 kB MemFree: 242020 kB MemAvailable: 1003240 kB Buffers: 104192 kB Cached: 699824 kB SwapCached: 1832 kB Active: 696320 kB Inactive: 639924 kB Active(anon): 236412 kB Inactive(anon): 301996 kB Active(file): 459908 kB Inactive(file): 337928 kB Unevictable: 48 kB Mlocked: 48 kB .....
查看內存硬件信息
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 3.0 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0084, DMI type 5, 46 bytes Memory Controller Information Error Detecting Method: None Error Correcting Capabilities: None Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave Current Interleave: One-way Interleave Maximum Memory Module Size: 32768 MB Maximum Total Memory Size: 491520 MB Supported Speeds: 70 ns 60 ns Supported Memory Types: FPM EDO DIMM SDRAM Memory Module Voltage: 3.3 V Associated Memory Slots: 15 .....
內存最大值是 491520 MB。
查看硬盤(pán)和分區分布
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom sda 8:0 0 500G 0 disk ├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 975M 0 part [SWAP] └─sda1 8:1 0 499G 0 part /
查看硬盤(pán)和分區的詳細信息
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x9c674a44 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 1046575103 1046573056 499G 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1046577150 1048573951 1996802 975M 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1046577152 1048573951 1996800 975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
查看網(wǎng)卡硬件信息
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lspci | grep -i 'eth' 02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)
查看系統的所有網(wǎng)絡(luò )接口
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# ifconfig -a ens33 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:bb:bd:40 inet addr:192.168.0.117 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::76fa:5548:3da0:2ef/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:174629 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:105285 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:237519396 (237.5 MB) TX bytes:9592767 (9.5 MB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:854 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:854 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:60894 (60.8 KB) TX bytes:60894 (60.8 KB)
或者是
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:bb:bd:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
或者
如果要查看某個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò )接口的詳細信息,例如ens33的詳細參數和指標
【有的ubuntu網(wǎng)口是eth0】
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# ethtool ens33 Settings for ens33: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full #支持千兆半雙工,全雙工模式 1000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #默認使用自適應模式 Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 1000Mb/s #網(wǎng)卡的速度是1000Mb Duplex: Full #全雙工 Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: off (auto) Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes #表示有網(wǎng)線(xiàn)連接,和路由是通的
查看pci信息,即主板所有硬件槽信息。
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset Host Bridge (rev 04) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset AGP Bridge(rev 04) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM USB (Hub #1) (rev 02) 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM USB (Hub #2) (rev 02) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev 42) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801CAM ISA Bridge (LPC) (rev 02) 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801CAM IDE U100 (rev 02) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM SMBus Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.5 Multimedia audio controller:Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM AC'97 Audio Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.6 Modem: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM AC'97 Modem Controller (rev 02) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation NV17 [GeForce4 420 Go](rev a3) 02:00.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): VIA Technologies, Inc. IEEE 1394 Host Controller(rev 46) 02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+(rev 10) 02:04.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ6933 Cardbus Controller (rev 01) 02:04.1 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ6933 Cardbus Controller (rev 01)
由上述的 輸出可以看到,我的電腦上共有3個(gè)PCI總線(xiàn)(0號,1號,2號)。在單個(gè)系統上,插入多個(gè)總線(xiàn)是通過(guò)橋(bridge)來(lái)完成的,橋是一種用來(lái)連接總線(xiàn) 的特殊PCI外設。所以,PCI系統的整體布局組織為樹(shù)型,我們可以通過(guò)上面的lspci輸出,來(lái)畫(huà)出我的電腦上的PCI系統的樹(shù)型結構:
00:00.0(主橋)--00:01.0(PCI橋)-----01:00:0(nVidia顯卡) | |---00:1d(USB控制器)--00:1d:0(USB1號控制器) | | | |--00:1d:1(USB2號控制器) | |-00:1e:0(PCI橋)--02:00.0(IEEE1394) | | | |-02:01.0(8139網(wǎng)卡) | | | |-02:04(CardBus橋)-02:04.0(橋1) | | | |--02:04.1(橋2) | |-00:1f(多功能板卡)-00:1f:0(ISA橋) | |--00:1f:1(IDE接口) | |--00:1f:3(SMBus) | |--00:1f:5(多媒體聲音控制器) | |--00:1f:6(調制解調器)
由上圖可以得出,我的電腦上共有8個(gè)PCI設備,其中0號總線(xiàn)上(主橋)上連有4個(gè),1號總線(xiàn)上連有1個(gè),2號總線(xiàn)上連有3個(gè)。00:1f是一個(gè)連有5個(gè)功能的多功能板卡。
如果要更詳細的信息:
lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv
如果要看設備樹(shù):lscpi -t
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lspci -t
查看usb信息
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
lsusb -t查看系統中的USB拓撲,類(lèi)似cat /sys/kernel/debug/usb/devices
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsusb -t /: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=uhci_hcd/2p, 12M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M |__ Port 2: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/7p, 12M /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/6p, 480M
/var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids還保存了很多設備商的VID信息
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# cat /var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids | grep King 7778 Counterfeit flash drive [Kingston] 0100 Kingston Flash Drive (128MB) c010 Kingston FCR-HS2/ATA Card Reader 07cb Kingmax Technology, Inc. 4100 Kingsun SF-620 Infrared Adapter 4959 Kingsun KS-959 Infrared Adapter 0015 Kingston DataTraveler ELITE 0016 Kingston DataTraveler U3 0998 Kingston Data Traveler2.0 Disk Driver 0999 Kingston Data Traveler2.0 Disk Driver 6519 Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 USB Stick 653c Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick (512M) 653d Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick (1GB) 6544 TransMemory-Mini / Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick (2GB) 6545 Kingston DataTraveler 102/2.0 / HEMA Flash Drive 2 GB / PNY Attache 4GB Stick 0951 Kingston Technology 0d8a King Jim Co., Ltd 00a3 Smart King PRO Uninterruptible Power Supply (HID PDC) 0e56 Kingston Technology Company, Inc. 0f8e Kingnet Technology Co., Ltd 13fe Kingston Technology Company Inc. 1f00 Kingston DataTraveler / Patriot Xporter 1687 Kingmax Digital Inc. 16df King Billion Electronics Co., Ltd. 2149 EntropyKing Random Number Generator
lsusb -v查看系統中USB設備的詳細信息
lsusb -v
下面命令可以查看所有硬件摘要信息,并輸出成一個(gè)html文件,把此html文件導出到電腦上,直接打開(kāi),可以清楚的看到硬件信息:
lshw -html > /hardware.html
可以看到SCSI信息和所有虛擬磁盤(pán)以及光驅的信息,如果沒(méi)有硬件SCSI控制器,那就不會(huì )返回信息:
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsscsi [2:0:0:0] disk VMware, VMware Virtual S 1.0 /dev/sda [4:0:0:0] cd/dvd NECVMWar VMware SATA CD01 1.00 /dev/sr0
插入一個(gè)U盤(pán)后再查看:
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsscsi [2:0:0:0] disk VMware, VMware Virtual S 1.0 /dev/sda [4:0:0:0] cd/dvd NECVMWar VMware SATA CD01 1.00 /dev/sr0 [33:0:0:0] disk Kingston DataTraveler G2 1.00 /dev/sdb
可以看到U盤(pán)為Kingston。
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# dmidecode -t bios # dmidecode 3.0 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD Version: 6.00 Release Date: 07/29/2019 Address: 0xEA480 Runtime Size: 88960 bytes ROM Size: 64 kB Characteristics: ISA is supported PCI is supported PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported PNP is supported APM is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported EDD is supported Print screen service is supported (int 5h) 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) Serial services are supported (int 14h) Printer services are supported (int 17h) CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h) ACPI is supported Smart battery is supported BIOS boot specification is supported Function key-initiated network boot is supported Targeted content distribution is supported BIOS Revision: 4.6 Firmware Revision: 0.0
dmidecode以一種可讀的方式dump出機器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。這些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS,既可以得到當前的配置,也可以得到系統支持的最大配置,比如說(shuō)支持的最大內存數等。
如果要查看所有有用信息
dmidecode -q
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