linux查看命令與教程

 相信做網(wǎng)絡(luò )維護的技術(shù)員都知道，linux的大部分操作都是要命令去實(shí)現的，不像window那么簡(jiǎn)單看清楚。linux查看硬件信息也是通過(guò)linux去查詢(xún)的。

linux查看硬件信息

一、查看cpu
 
lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的統計信息.
blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu
Architecture:          i686          #cpu架構
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian   #小尾序
CPU(s):                4            #總共有4核
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3
Thread(s) per core:    1              #每個(gè)cpu核，只能支持一個(gè)線(xiàn)程，即不支持超線(xiàn)程
Core(s) per socket:    4               #每個(gè)cpu，有4個(gè)核
Socket(s):             1              #總共有1一個(gè)cpu
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel    #cpu產(chǎn)商 intel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 42
Stepping:              7
CPU MHz:               1600.000
BogoMIPS:              5986.12
Virtualization:        VT-x             #支持cpu虛擬化技術(shù)
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              6144K
 
查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每個(gè)cpu信息，如每個(gè)CPU的型號，主頻等。
 
#cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor    : 0
vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
cpu family    : 6
model        : 42
model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz
.....
上面輸出的是個(gè)cpu部分信息，還有3個(gè)cpu信息省略了。
 
二、查看內存情況

free -m
total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          3926       3651        274          0         12        404
-/ buffers/cache:       3235        691
Swap:         9536         31       9505
 
這里的單位是MB，總共的內存是3926MB。
 
查看內存詳細使用
 
# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        4020868 kB
MemFree:          230884 kB
Buffers:            7600 kB
Cached:           454772 kB
SwapCached:          836 kB
.....
 
三、查看內存硬件信息
 
dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
    Location: System Board Or Motherboard
....
    Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
....
Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
....
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x0008
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Total Width: 64 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: 4096 MB
.....
我的主板有4個(gè)槽位，只用了一個(gè)槽位，上面插了一條4096MB的內存。
 
四、查看硬盤(pán)和分區分布
 
# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk
├—sda1   8:1    0     1G  0 part /boot
├—sda2   8:2    0   9.3G  0 part [SWAP]
├—sda3   8:3    0  74.5G  0 part /
├—sda4   8:4    0     1K  0 part
├—sda5   8:5    0 111.8G  0 part /home
└—sda6   8:6    0 269.2G  0 part
 
五、如果要看硬盤(pán)和分區的詳細信息

# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00023728
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2148351     1073152   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2148352    21680127     9765888   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3        21680128   177930239    78125056   83  Linux
/dev/sda4       177932286   976771071   399419393    5  Extended/dev/sda5       177932288   412305407   117186560   83  Linux
/dev/sda6       412307456   976771071   282231808   83  Linux
 
六、查看網(wǎng)卡硬件信息
 
# lspci | grep -i 'eth'
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)
 
七、查看系統的所有網(wǎng)絡(luò )接口
 
# ifconfig -a
eth0      Link encap:以太網(wǎng)  硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f
          .....
lo        Link encap:本地環(huán)回
          .....
或者是
ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 
如果要查看某個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò )接口的詳細信息，例如eth0的詳細參數和指標
# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半雙工，全雙工模式
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自適應模式，一般都支持
Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默認使用自適應模式
Link partner advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
.....
Speed: 100Mb/s #現在網(wǎng)卡的速度是100Mb,網(wǎng)卡使用自適應模式，所以推測路由是100Mb，導致網(wǎng)卡從支  持千兆，變成要支持百兆
Duplex: Full   #全雙工
 .....
Link detected: yes    #表示有網(wǎng)線(xiàn)連接，和路由是通的
 
八、查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。
 
Lspci
 
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #顯卡
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #聲卡
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盤(pán)接口
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盤(pán)接口
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #網(wǎng)卡
03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)
如果要更詳細的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv
如果要看設備樹(shù):lscpi –t
 
九、查看bios信息
 
# dmidecode -t bios
......
BIOS Information
    Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
    Version: 4.6.5
    Release Date: 04/25/2012
    .......
    BIOS Revision: 4.6
......
 
dmidecode以一種可讀的方式dump出機器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。這些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到當前的配置，也可以得到系統支持的配置，比如說(shuō)支持的內存數等。
 
十、如果要查看所有有用信息
 
dmidecode –q
 
以上是linux查看硬件信息的所有命令，可以查看CPU、硬盤(pán)、網(wǎng)卡、磁盤(pán)等硬件的信息。

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