CentOS6下怎么用RPM方式安裝MySQL5.6

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CentOS 6 下RPM方式安裝MySQL5.6

1. 下載Linux對應的RPM包，如：CentOS6.7_64對應的RPM包，如下：
[root@mysql ~]# ll
總用量 113808
-rw-------. 1 root root 1434 12月 13 18:47 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42556 12月 13 18:47 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10033 12月 13 18:45 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 23135399 12月 13 18:56 MySQL-client-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4586217 12月 13 18:56 MySQL-devel-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 88715219 12月 13 18:56 MySQL-server-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

2. 檢查MySQL及相關(guān)RPM包，是否安裝，如果有安裝，則移除（rpm –e 名稱(chēng)）
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64
[root@mysql ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs*
已加載插件：fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
設置移除進(jìn)程
解決依賴(lài)關(guān)系
。。。。。
完畢！

3. 安裝MySQL
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%]
warning: user mysql does not exist - using root
warning: group mysql does not exist - using root
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com

New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings

[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-devel ########################################### [100%]
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-client ########################################### [100%]

4. 初始化MySQL及設置密碼
[root@mysql ~]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db -- mysql_install_db腳本來(lái)生成帳戶(hù)和相應權限許可表
WARNING: The host 'mysql' could not be looked up with /usr/bin/resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
。。省略輸出。。
WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
[root@mysql ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@mysql ~]# cat /root/.mysql_secret --查看root賬號密碼
# The random password set for the root user at Tue Dec 13 18:59:06 2016 (local time): 7MhtyX3aZEl9OUf8
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: --（此處復制粘貼 7MhtyX3aZEl9OUf8）
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.25

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
說(shuō)明： 出現mysql> 表示一切順利成功。
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456'); --設置密碼為123456

5. 允許遠程登陸
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| mysql | root | *6D95CDA252C85345E8BC1C4168E962D3949C30F9 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *6D95CDA252C85345E8BC1C4168E962D3949C30F9 |
| ::1 | root | *6D95CDA252C85345E8BC1C4168E962D3949C30F9 |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit

6. 設置開(kāi)機自啟動(dòng)
[root@mysql ~]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@mysql ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql
mysql 0:關(guān)閉 1:關(guān)閉 2:啟用 3:啟用 4:啟用 5:啟用 6:關(guān)閉

7. MySQL的默認安裝位置
/var/lib/mysql/ #數據庫目錄
/usr/share/mysql #配置文件目錄
/usr/bin #相關(guān)命令目錄
/etc/init.d/mysql #啟動(dòng)腳本

8. 更改MySQL目錄與字符集

[root@mysql ~]# cd /home --home目錄下建立data目錄
[root@mysql home]# mkdir data
[root@mysql ~]# service mysql stop --把MySQL服務(wù)進(jìn)程停掉
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@mysql home]# mv /var/lib/mysql /home/data --把/var/lib/mysql整個(gè)目錄移到/home/data

如果/etc/目錄下沒(méi)有my.cnf配置文件，請到/usr/share/mysql/下找到*.cnf文件，拷貝其中一個(gè)到/etc/并改名為my.cnf)中
[root@mysql ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf --修改配置文件位置

配置/etc/my.cnf文件,修改數據存放路徑、mysql.sock路徑以及默認編碼utf-8.
[client]
password = 123456
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket　 = /home/data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
#(注意linux下mysql安裝完后是默認：表名區分大小寫(xiě)，列名不區分大小寫(xiě)； 0：區分大小寫(xiě)，1：不區分大小寫(xiě))
lower_case_table_names=1
#(設置最大連接數，默認為 151，MySQL允許的最大連接數16384; )
max_connections=1000
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
socket　 = /home/data/mysql/mysql.sock

查看字符集
show variables like '%collation%';
show variables like '%char%';

9. 修改MySQL啟動(dòng)腳本/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql

最后，需要修改MySQL啟動(dòng)腳本/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql，把其中datadir=/var/lib/mysql一行中，等號右邊的路徑改成你現在的實(shí)際存放路徑：home/data/mysql。
[root@test1 etc]# vi　/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql　　　?。ㄗ⑨尨诵校?br/>datadir=/home/data/mysql　　 （加上此行）

10. 重新啟動(dòng)MySQL服務(wù)
[root@mysql ~]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
OK 一切成功